path: root/lib/easy.c

/***************************************************************************
 *                                  _   _ ____  _
 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |
 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2013, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
 *
 * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
 * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
 * are also available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
 *
 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.
 *
 ***************************************************************************/

#include "curl_setup.h"

/*
 * See comment in curl_memory.h for the explanation of this sanity check.
 */

#ifdef CURLX_NO_MEMORY_CALLBACKS
#error "libcurl shall not ever be built with CURLX_NO_MEMORY_CALLBACKS defined"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
#include <netdb.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_H
#include <net/if.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SIGNAL_H) && defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) && defined(USE_OPENSSL)
#define SIGPIPE_IGNORE 1
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#include "strequal.h"
#include "urldata.h"
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include "transfer.h"
#include "sslgen.h"
#include "url.h"
#include "getinfo.h"
#include "hostip.h"
#include "share.h"
#include "strdup.h"
#include "curl_memory.h"
#include "progress.h"
#include "easyif.h"
#include "select.h"
#include "sendf.h" /* for failf function prototype */
#include "curl_ntlm.h"
#include "connect.h" /* for Curl_getconnectinfo */
#include "slist.h"
#include "amigaos.h"
#include "non-ascii.h"
#include "warnless.h"
#include "conncache.h"
#include "multiif.h"

#define _MPRINTF_REPLACE /* use our functions only */
#include <curl/mprintf.h>

/* The last #include file should be: */
#include "memdebug.h"

#ifdef SIGPIPE_IGNORE
struct sigpipe_ignore {
  struct sigaction old_pipe_act;
  bool no_signal;
};

#define SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(x) struct sigpipe_ignore x

/*
 * sigpipe_ignore() makes sure we ignore SIGPIPE while running libcurl
 * internals, and then sigpipe_restore() will restore the situation when we
 * return from libcurl again.
 */
static void sigpipe_ignore(struct SessionHandle *data,
                           struct sigpipe_ignore *ig)
{
  /* get a local copy of no_signal because the SessionHandle might not be
     around when we restore */
  ig->no_signal = data->set.no_signal;
  if(!data->set.no_signal) {
    struct sigaction action;
    /* first, extract the existing situation */
    memset(&ig->old_pipe_act, 0, sizeof(struct sigaction));
    sigaction(SIGPIPE, NULL, &ig->old_pipe_act);
    action = ig->old_pipe_act;
    /* ignore this signal */
    action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
    sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, NULL);
  }
}

/*
 * sigpipe_restore() puts back the outside world's opinion of signal handler
 * and SIGPIPE handling. It MUST only be called after a corresponding
 * sigpipe_ignore() was used.
 */
static void sigpipe_restore(struct sigpipe_ignore *ig)
{
  if(!ig->no_signal)
    /* restore the outside state */
    sigaction(SIGPIPE, &ig->old_pipe_act, NULL);
}

#else
/* for systems without sigaction */
#define sigpipe_ignore(x,y) Curl_nop_stmt
#define sigpipe_restore(x)  Curl_nop_stmt
#define SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(x)
#endif

/* win32_cleanup() is for win32 socket cleanup functionality, the opposite
   of win32_init() */
static void win32_cleanup(void)
{
#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
  WSACleanup();
#endif
#ifdef USE_WINDOWS_SSPI
  Curl_sspi_global_cleanup();
#endif
}

/* win32_init() performs win32 socket initialization to properly setup the
   stack to allow networking */
static CURLcode win32_init(void)
{
#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
  WORD wVersionRequested;
  WSADATA wsaData;
  int res;

#if defined(ENABLE_IPV6) && (USE_WINSOCK < 2)
  Error IPV6_requires_winsock2
#endif

  wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(USE_WINSOCK, USE_WINSOCK);

  res = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);

  if(res != 0)
    /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */
    /* winsock.dll.     */
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;

  /* Confirm that the Windows Sockets DLL supports what we need.*/
  /* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater */
  /* than wVersionRequested, it will still return */
  /* wVersionRequested in wVersion. wHighVersion contains the */
  /* highest supported version. */

  if(LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != LOBYTE(wVersionRequested) ||
     HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != HIBYTE(wVersionRequested) ) {
    /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */

    /* winsock.dll. */
    WSACleanup();
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }
  /* The Windows Sockets DLL is acceptable. Proceed. */
#elif defined(USE_LWIPSOCK)
  lwip_init();
#endif

#ifdef USE_WINDOWS_SSPI
  {
    CURLcode err = Curl_sspi_global_init();
    if(err != CURLE_OK)
      return err;
  }
#endif

  return CURLE_OK;
}

#ifdef USE_LIBIDN
/*
 * Initialise use of IDNA library.
 * It falls back to ASCII if $CHARSET isn't defined. This doesn't work for
 * idna_to_ascii_lz().
 */
static void idna_init (void)
{
#ifdef WIN32
  char buf[60];
  UINT cp = GetACP();

  if(!getenv("CHARSET") && cp > 0) {
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CHARSET=cp%u", cp);
    putenv(buf);
  }
#else
  /* to do? */
#endif
}
#endif  /* USE_LIBIDN */

/* true globals -- for curl_global_init() and curl_global_cleanup() */
static unsigned int  initialized;
static long          init_flags;

/*
 * strdup (and other memory functions) is redefined in complicated
 * ways, but at this point it must be defined as the system-supplied strdup
 * so the callback pointer is initialized correctly.
 */
#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
#define system_strdup _strdup
#elif !defined(HAVE_STRDUP)
#define system_strdup curlx_strdup
#else
#define system_strdup strdup
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DLL) && !defined(__POCC__)
#  pragma warning(disable:4232) /* MSVC extension, dllimport identity */
#endif

#ifndef __SYMBIAN32__
/*
 * If a memory-using function (like curl_getenv) is used before
 * curl_global_init() is called, we need to have these pointers set already.
 */
curl_malloc_callback Curl_cmalloc = (curl_malloc_callback)malloc;
curl_free_callback Curl_cfree = (curl_free_callback)free;
curl_realloc_callback Curl_crealloc = (curl_realloc_callback)realloc;
curl_strdup_callback Curl_cstrdup = (curl_strdup_callback)system_strdup;
curl_calloc_callback Curl_ccalloc = (curl_calloc_callback)calloc;
#if defined(WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
curl_wcsdup_callback Curl_cwcsdup = (curl_wcsdup_callback)_wcsdup;
#endif
#else
/*
 * Symbian OS doesn't support initialization to code in writeable static data.
 * Initialization will occur in the curl_global_init() call.
 */
curl_malloc_callback Curl_cmalloc;
curl_free_callback Curl_cfree;
curl_realloc_callback Curl_crealloc;
curl_strdup_callback Curl_cstrdup;
curl_calloc_callback Curl_ccalloc;
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DLL) && !defined(__POCC__)
#  pragma warning(default:4232) /* MSVC extension, dllimport identity */
#endif

/**
 * curl_global_init() globally initializes cURL given a bitwise set of the
 * different features of what to initialize.
 */
CURLcode curl_global_init(long flags)
{
  if(initialized++)
    return CURLE_OK;

  /* Setup the default memory functions here (again) */
  Curl_cmalloc = (curl_malloc_callback)malloc;
  Curl_cfree = (curl_free_callback)free;
  Curl_crealloc = (curl_realloc_callback)realloc;
  Curl_cstrdup = (curl_strdup_callback)system_strdup;
  Curl_ccalloc = (curl_calloc_callback)calloc;
#if defined(WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
  Curl_cwcsdup = (curl_wcsdup_callback)_wcsdup;
#endif

  if(flags & CURL_GLOBAL_SSL)
    if(!Curl_ssl_init()) {
      DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: Curl_ssl_init failed\n"));
      return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
    }

  if(flags & CURL_GLOBAL_WIN32)
    if(win32_init() != CURLE_OK) {
      DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: win32_init failed\n"));
      return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
    }

#ifdef __AMIGA__
  if(!Curl_amiga_init()) {
    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: Curl_amiga_init failed\n"));
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }
#endif

#ifdef NETWARE
  if(netware_init()) {
    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Warning: LONG namespace not available\n"));
  }
#endif

#ifdef USE_LIBIDN
  idna_init();
#endif

  if(Curl_resolver_global_init() != CURLE_OK) {
    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: resolver_global_init failed\n"));
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }

#if defined(USE_LIBSSH2) && defined(HAVE_LIBSSH2_INIT)
  if(libssh2_init(0)) {
    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: libssh2_init failed\n"));
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }
#endif

  if(flags & CURL_GLOBAL_ACK_EINTR)
    Curl_ack_eintr = 1;

  init_flags  = flags;

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/*
 * curl_global_init_mem() globally initializes cURL and also registers the
 * user provided callback routines.
 */
CURLcode curl_global_init_mem(long flags, curl_malloc_callback m,
                              curl_free_callback f, curl_realloc_callback r,
                              curl_strdup_callback s, curl_calloc_callback c)
{
  CURLcode code = CURLE_OK;

  /* Invalid input, return immediately */
  if(!m || !f || !r || !s || !c)
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;

  /* Already initialized, don't do it again */
  if(initialized)
    return CURLE_OK;

  /* Call the actual init function first */
  code = curl_global_init(flags);
  if(code == CURLE_OK) {
    Curl_cmalloc = m;
    Curl_cfree = f;
    Curl_cstrdup = s;
    Curl_crealloc = r;
    Curl_ccalloc = c;
  }

  return code;
}

/**
 * curl_global_cleanup() globally cleanups cURL, uses the value of
 * "init_flags" to determine what needs to be cleaned up and what doesn't.
 */
void curl_global_cleanup(void)
{
  if(!initialized)
    return;

  if(--initialized)
    return;

  Curl_global_host_cache_dtor();

  if(init_flags & CURL_GLOBAL_SSL)
    Curl_ssl_cleanup();

  Curl_resolver_global_cleanup();

  if(init_flags & CURL_GLOBAL_WIN32)
    win32_cleanup();

  Curl_amiga_cleanup();

#if defined(USE_LIBSSH2) && defined(HAVE_LIBSSH2_EXIT)
  (void)libssh2_exit();
#endif

  init_flags  = 0;
}

/*
 * curl_easy_init() is the external interface to alloc, setup and init an
 * easy handle that is returned. If anything goes wrong, NULL is returned.
 */
CURL *curl_easy_init(void)
{
  CURLcode res;
  struct SessionHandle *data;

  /* Make sure we inited the global SSL stuff */
  if(!initialized) {
    res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
    if(res) {
      /* something in the global init failed, return nothing */
      DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: curl_global_init failed\n"));
      return NULL;
    }
  }

  /* We use curl_open() with undefined URL so far */
  res = Curl_open(&data);
  if(res != CURLE_OK) {
    DEBUGF(fprintf(stderr, "Error: Curl_open failed\n"));
    return NULL;
  }

  return data;
}

/*
 * curl_easy_setopt() is the external interface for setting options on an
 * easy handle.
 */

#undef curl_easy_setopt
CURLcode curl_easy_setopt(CURL *curl, CURLoption tag, ...)
{
  va_list arg;
  struct SessionHandle *data = curl;
  CURLcode ret;

  if(!curl)
    return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;

  va_start(arg, tag);

  ret = Curl_setopt(data, tag, arg);

  va_end(arg);
  return ret;
}

#ifdef CURLDEBUG

struct monitor {
  struct monitor *next; /* the next node in the list or NULL */
  struct pollfd socket; /* socket info of what to monitor */
};

struct events {
  long ms;              /* timeout, run the timeout function when reached */
  bool msbump;          /* set TRUE when timeout is set by callback */
  int num_sockets;      /* number of nodes in the monitor list */
  struct monitor *list; /* list of sockets to monitor */
  int running_handles;  /* store the returned number */
};

/* events_timer
 *
 * Callback that gets called with a new value when the timeout should be
 * updated.
 */

static int events_timer(CURLM *multi,    /* multi handle */
                        long timeout_ms, /* see above */
                        void *userp)    /* private callback pointer */
{
  struct events *ev = userp;
  (void)multi;
  if(timeout_ms == -1)
    /* timeout removed */
    timeout_ms = 0;
  else if(timeout_ms == 0)
    /* timeout is already reached! */
    timeout_ms = 1; /* trigger asap */

  ev->ms = timeout_ms;
  ev->msbump = TRUE;
  /* fprintf(stderr, "%s: timeout %ld\n", __func__, timeout_ms); */
  return 0;
}


/* poll2cselect
 *
 * convert from poll() bit definitions to libcurl's CURL_CSELECT_* ones
 */
static int poll2cselect(int pollmask)
{
  int omask=0;
  if(pollmask & POLLIN)
    omask |= CURL_CSELECT_IN;
  if(pollmask & POLLOUT)
    omask |= CURL_CSELECT_OUT;
  if(pollmask & POLLERR)
    omask |= CURL_CSELECT_ERR;
  return omask;
}


/* socketcb2poll
 *
 * convert from libcurl' CURL_POLL_* bit definitions to poll()'s
 */
static short socketcb2poll(int pollmask)
{
  short omask=0;
  if(pollmask & CURL_POLL_IN)
    omask |= POLLIN;
  if(pollmask & CURL_POLL_OUT)
    omask |= POLLOUT;
  return omask;
}

/* events_socket
 *
 * Callback that gets called with information about socket activity to
 * monitor.
 */
static int events_socket(CURL *easy,      /* easy handle */
                         curl_socket_t s, /* socket */
                         int what,        /* see above */
                         void *userp,     /* private callback
                                             pointer */
                         void *socketp)   /* private socket
                                             pointer */
{
  struct events *ev = userp;
  struct monitor *m;
  struct monitor *prev=NULL;
  (void)socketp;

  m = ev->list;
  while(m) {
    if(m->socket.fd == s) {

      if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
        struct monitor *nxt = m->next;
        /* remove this node from the list of monitored sockets */
        if(prev)
          prev->next = nxt;
        else
          ev->list = nxt;
        free(m);
        m = nxt;
        infof(easy, "socket cb: socket %d REMOVED\n", s);
      }
      else {
        /* The socket 's' is already being monitored, update the activity
           mask. Convert from libcurl bitmask to the poll one. */
        m->socket.events = socketcb2poll(what);
        infof(easy, "socket cb: socket %d UPDATED as %s%s\n", s,
              what&CURL_POLL_IN?"IN":"",
              what&CURL_POLL_OUT?"OUT":"");
      }
      break;
    }
    prev = m;
    m = m->next; /* move to next node */
  }
  if(!m) {
    if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
      /* this happens a bit too often, libcurl fix perhaps? */
      /* fprintf(stderr,
         "%s: socket %d asked to be REMOVED but not present!\n",
                 __func__, s); */
    }
    else {
      m = malloc(sizeof(struct monitor));
      m->next = ev->list;
      m->socket.fd = s;
      m->socket.events = socketcb2poll(what);
      m->socket.revents = 0;
      ev->list = m;
      infof(easy, "socket cb: socket %d ADDED as %s%s\n", s,
            what&CURL_POLL_IN?"IN":"",
            what&CURL_POLL_OUT?"OUT":"");
    }
  }

  return 0;
}


/*
 * events_setup()
 *
 * Do the multi handle setups that only event-based transfers need.
 */
static void events_setup(CURLM *multi, struct events *ev)
{
  /* timer callback */
  curl_multi_setopt(multi, CURLMOPT_TIMERFUNCTION, events_timer);
  curl_multi_setopt(multi, CURLMOPT_TIMERDATA, ev);

  /* socket callback */
  curl_multi_setopt(multi, CURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION, events_socket);
  curl_multi_setopt(multi, CURLMOPT_SOCKETDATA, ev);
}


/* wait_or_timeout()
 *
 * waits for activity on any of the given sockets, or the timeout to trigger.
 */

static CURLcode wait_or_timeout(struct Curl_multi *multi, struct events *ev)
{
  bool done = FALSE;
  CURLMcode mcode;
  CURLcode rc = CURLE_OK;

  while(!done) {
    CURLMsg *msg;
    struct monitor *m;
    struct pollfd *f;
    struct pollfd fds[4];
    int numfds=0;
    int pollrc;
    int i;
    struct timeval before;
    struct timeval after;

    /* populate the fds[] array */
    for(m = ev->list, f=&fds[0]; m; m = m->next) {
      f->fd = m->socket.fd;
      f->events = m->socket.events;
      f->revents = 0;
      /* fprintf(stderr, "poll() %d check socket %d\n", numfds, f->fd); */
      f++;
      numfds++;
    }

    /* get the time stamp to use to figure out how long poll takes */
    before = curlx_tvnow();

    /* fprintf(stderr, "poll(), %d numfds\n", numfds); */

    /* wait for activity or timeout */
    pollrc = Curl_poll(fds, numfds, (int)ev->ms);

    after = curlx_tvnow();

    ev->msbump = FALSE; /* reset here */

    if(0 == pollrc) {
      /* timeout! */
      ev->ms = 0;
      /* fprintf(stderr, "call curl_multi_socket_action( TIMEOUT )\n"); */
      mcode = curl_multi_socket_action(multi, CURL_SOCKET_TIMEOUT, 0,
                                       &ev->running_handles);
    }
    else if(pollrc > 0) {
      /* loop over the monitored sockets to see which ones had activity */
      for(i = 0; i< numfds; i++) {
        if(fds[i].revents) {
          /* socket activity, tell libcurl */
          int act = poll2cselect(fds[i].revents); /* convert */
          infof(multi->easyp, "call curl_multi_socket_action( socket %d )\n",
                fds[i].fd);
          mcode = curl_multi_socket_action(multi, fds[i].fd, act,
                                           &ev->running_handles);
        }
      }

      if(!ev->msbump)
        /* If nothing updated the timeout, we decrease it by the spent time.
         * If it was updated, it has the new timeout time stored already.
         */
        ev->ms += curlx_tvdiff(after, before);

    }
    if(mcode)
      return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT; /* TODO: return a proper error! */

    /* we don't really care about the "msgs_in_queue" value returned in the
       second argument */
    msg = curl_multi_info_read(multi, &pollrc);
    if(msg) {
      rc = msg->data.result;
      done = TRUE;
    }
  }

  return rc;
}


/* easy_events()
 *
 * Runs a transfer in a blocking manner using the events-based API
 */
static CURLcode easy_events(CURLM *multi)
{
  struct events evs= {2, FALSE, 0, NULL, 0};

  /* if running event-based, do some further multi inits */
  events_setup(multi, &evs);

  return wait_or_timeout(multi, &evs);
}
#endif

static CURLcode easy_transfer(CURLM *multi)
{
  bool done = FALSE;
  CURLMcode mcode = CURLM_OK;
  CURLcode code;
  struct timeval before;
  int without_fds = 0;  /* count number of consecutive returns from
                           curl_multi_wait() without any filedescriptors */

  while(!done && !mcode) {
    int still_running;
    int ret;

    before = curlx_tvnow();
    mcode = curl_multi_wait(multi, NULL, 0, 1000, &ret);

    if(mcode == CURLM_OK) {
      if(ret == -1) {
        /* poll() failed not on EINTR, indicate a network problem */
        code = CURLE_RECV_ERROR;
        break;
      }
      else if(ret == 0) {
        struct timeval after = curlx_tvnow();
        /* If it returns without any filedescriptor instantly, we need to
           avoid busy-looping during periods where it has nothing particular
           to wait for */
        if(curlx_tvdiff(after, before) <= 10) {
          without_fds++;
          if(without_fds > 2) {
            int sleep_ms = without_fds < 10 ? (1 << (without_fds-1)): 1000;
            Curl_wait_ms(sleep_ms);
          }
        }
        else
          /* it wasn't "instant", restart counter */
          without_fds = 0;
      }
      else
        /* got file descriptor, restart counter */
        without_fds = 0;

      mcode = curl_multi_perform(multi, &still_running);
    }

    /* only read 'still_running' if curl_multi_perform() return OK */
    if((mcode == CURLM_OK) && !still_running) {
      int rc;
      CURLMsg *msg = curl_multi_info_read(multi, &rc);
      if(msg) {
        code = msg->data.result;
        done = TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
  return code;
}


/*
 * easy_perform() is the external interface that performs a blocking
 * transfer as previously setup.
 *
 * CONCEPT: This function creates a multi handle, adds the easy handle to it,
 * runs curl_multi_perform() until the transfer is done, then detaches the
 * easy handle, destroys the multi handle and returns the easy handle's return
 * code.
 *
 * REALITY: it can't just create and destroy the multi handle that easily. It
 * needs to keep it around since if this easy handle is used again by this
 * function, the same multi handle must be re-used so that the same pools and
 * caches can be used.
 *
 * DEBUG: if 'events' is set TRUE, this function will use a replacement engine
 * instead of curl_multi_perform() and use curl_multi_socket_action().
 */
static CURLcode easy_perform(CURL *easy, bool events)
{
  CURLM *multi;
  CURLMcode mcode;
  CURLcode code = CURLE_OK;
  struct SessionHandle *data = easy;
  SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(pipe_st);

  if(!easy)
    return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;

  if(data->multi) {
    failf(data, "easy handled already used in multi handle");
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }

  if(data->multi_easy)
    multi = data->multi_easy;
  else {
    /* this multi handle will only ever have a single easy handled attached
       to it, so make it use minimal hashes */
    multi = Curl_multi_handle(1, 3);
    if(!multi)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    data->multi_easy = multi;
  }

  /* Copy the MAXCONNECTS option to the multi handle */
  curl_multi_setopt(multi, CURLMOPT_MAXCONNECTS, data->set.maxconnects);

  mcode = curl_multi_add_handle(multi, easy);
  if(mcode) {
    curl_multi_cleanup(multi);
    if(mcode == CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    else
      return CURLE_FAILED_INIT;
  }

  sigpipe_ignore(data, &pipe_st);

  /* assign this after curl_multi_add_handle() since that function checks for
     it and rejects this handle otherwise */
  data->multi = multi;

  /* run the transfer */
  code = events ? easy_events(multi) : easy_transfer(multi);

  /* ignoring the return code isn't nice, but atm we can't really handle
     a failure here, room for future improvement! */
  (void)curl_multi_remove_handle(multi, easy);

  sigpipe_restore(&pipe_st);

  /* The multi handle is kept alive, owned by the easy handle */
  return code;
}


/*
 * curl_easy_perform() is the external interface that performs a blocking
 * transfer as previously setup.
 */
CURLcode curl_easy_perform(CURL *easy)
{
  return easy_perform(easy, FALSE);
}

#ifdef CURLDEBUG
/*
 * curl_easy_perform_ev() is the external interface that performs a blocking
 * transfer using the event-based API internally.
 */
CURLcode curl_easy_perform_ev(CURL *easy)
{
  return easy_perform(easy, TRUE);
}

#endif

/*
 * curl_easy_cleanup() is the external interface to cleaning/freeing the given
 * easy handle.
 */
void curl_easy_cleanup(CURL *curl)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;
  SIGPIPE_VARIABLE(pipe_st);

  if(!data)
    return;

  sigpipe_ignore(data, &pipe_st);
  Curl_close(data);
  sigpipe_restore(&pipe_st);
}

/*
 * curl_easy_getinfo() is an external interface that allows an app to retrieve
 * information from a performed transfer and similar.
 */
#undef curl_easy_getinfo
CURLcode curl_easy_getinfo(CURL *curl, CURLINFO info, ...)
{
  va_list arg;
  void *paramp;
  CURLcode ret;
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;

  va_start(arg, info);
  paramp = va_arg(arg, void *);

  ret = Curl_getinfo(data, info, paramp);

  va_end(arg);
  return ret;
}

/*
 * curl_easy_duphandle() is an external interface to allow duplication of a
 * given input easy handle. The returned handle will be a new working handle
 * with all options set exactly as the input source handle.
 */
CURL *curl_easy_duphandle(CURL *incurl)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data=(struct SessionHandle *)incurl;

  struct SessionHandle *outcurl = calloc(1, sizeof(struct SessionHandle));
  if(NULL == outcurl)
    goto fail;

  /*
   * We setup a few buffers we need. We should probably make them
   * get setup on-demand in the code, as that would probably decrease
   * the likeliness of us forgetting to init a buffer here in the future.
   */
  outcurl->state.headerbuff = malloc(HEADERSIZE);
  if(!outcurl->state.headerbuff)
    goto fail;
  outcurl->state.headersize = HEADERSIZE;

  /* copy all userdefined values */
  if(Curl_dupset(outcurl, data) != CURLE_OK)
    goto fail;

  /* the connection cache is setup on demand */
  outcurl->state.conn_cache = NULL;

  outcurl->state.lastconnect = NULL;

  outcurl->progress.flags    = data->progress.flags;
  outcurl->progress.callback = data->progress.callback;

  if(data->cookies) {
    /* If cookies are enabled in the parent handle, we enable them
       in the clone as well! */
    outcurl->cookies = Curl_cookie_init(data,
                                        data->cookies->filename,
                                        outcurl->cookies,
                                        data->set.cookiesession);
    if(!outcurl->cookies)
      goto fail;
  }

  /* duplicate all values in 'change' */
  if(data->change.cookielist) {
    outcurl->change.cookielist =
      Curl_slist_duplicate(data->change.cookielist);
    if(!outcurl->change.cookielist)
      goto fail;
  }

  if(data->change.url) {
    outcurl->change.url = strdup(data->change.url);
    if(!outcurl->change.url)
      goto fail;
    outcurl->change.url_alloc = TRUE;
  }

  if(data->change.referer) {
    outcurl->change.referer = strdup(data->change.referer);
    if(!outcurl->change.referer)
      goto fail;
    outcurl->change.referer_alloc = TRUE;
  }

  /* Clone the resolver handle, if present, for the new handle */
  if(Curl_resolver_duphandle(&outcurl->state.resolver,
                             data->state.resolver) != CURLE_OK)
    goto fail;

  Curl_convert_setup(outcurl);

  outcurl->magic = CURLEASY_MAGIC_NUMBER;

  /* we reach this point and thus we are OK */

  return outcurl;

  fail:

  if(outcurl) {
    curl_slist_free_all(outcurl->change.cookielist);
    outcurl->change.cookielist = NULL;
    Curl_safefree(outcurl->state.headerbuff);
    Curl_safefree(outcurl->change.url);
    Curl_safefree(outcurl->change.referer);
    Curl_freeset(outcurl);
    free(outcurl);
  }

  return NULL;
}

/*
 * curl_easy_reset() is an external interface that allows an app to re-
 * initialize a session handle to the default values.
 */
void curl_easy_reset(CURL *curl)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;

  Curl_safefree(data->state.pathbuffer);

  data->state.path = NULL;

  Curl_free_request_state(data);

  /* zero out UserDefined data: */
  Curl_freeset(data);
  memset(&data->set, 0, sizeof(struct UserDefined));
  (void)Curl_init_userdefined(&data->set);

  /* zero out Progress data: */
  memset(&data->progress, 0, sizeof(struct Progress));

  data->progress.flags |= PGRS_HIDE;
  data->state.current_speed = -1; /* init to negative == impossible */
}

/*
 * curl_easy_pause() allows an application to pause or unpause a specific
 * transfer and direction. This function sets the full new state for the
 * current connection this easy handle operates on.
 *
 * NOTE: if you have the receiving paused and you call this function to remove
 * the pausing, you may get your write callback called at this point.
 *
 * Action is a bitmask consisting of CURLPAUSE_* bits in curl/curl.h
 */
CURLcode curl_easy_pause(CURL *curl, int action)
{
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;
  struct SingleRequest *k = &data->req;
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;

  /* first switch off both pause bits */
  int newstate = k->keepon &~ (KEEP_RECV_PAUSE| KEEP_SEND_PAUSE);

  /* set the new desired pause bits */
  newstate |= ((action & CURLPAUSE_RECV)?KEEP_RECV_PAUSE:0) |
    ((action & CURLPAUSE_SEND)?KEEP_SEND_PAUSE:0);

  /* put it back in the keepon */
  k->keepon = newstate;

  if(!(newstate & KEEP_RECV_PAUSE) && data->state.tempwrite) {
    /* we have a buffer for sending that we now seem to be able to deliver
       since the receive pausing is lifted! */

    /* get the pointer, type and length in local copies since the function may
       return PAUSE again and then we'll get a new copy allocted and stored in
       the tempwrite variables */
    char *tempwrite = data->state.tempwrite;
    char *freewrite = tempwrite; /* store this pointer to free it later */
    size_t tempsize = data->state.tempwritesize;
    int temptype = data->state.tempwritetype;
    size_t chunklen;

    /* clear tempwrite here just to make sure it gets cleared if there's no
       further use of it, and make sure we don't clear it after the function
       invoke as it may have been set to a new value by then */
    data->state.tempwrite = NULL;

    /* since the write callback API is define to never exceed
       CURL_MAX_WRITE_SIZE bytes in a single call, and since we may in fact
       have more data than that in our buffer here, we must loop sending the
       data in multiple calls until there's no data left or we get another
       pause returned.

       A tricky part is that the function we call will "buffer" the data
       itself when it pauses on a particular buffer, so we may need to do some
       extra trickery if we get a pause return here.
    */
    do {
      chunklen = (tempsize > CURL_MAX_WRITE_SIZE)?CURL_MAX_WRITE_SIZE:tempsize;

      result = Curl_client_write(data->easy_conn,
                                 temptype, tempwrite, chunklen);
      if(result)
        /* failures abort the loop at once */
        break;

      if(data->state.tempwrite && (tempsize - chunklen)) {
        /* Ouch, the reading is again paused and the block we send is now
           "cached". If this is the final chunk we can leave it like this, but
           if we have more chunks that are cached after this, we need to free
           the newly cached one and put back a version that is truly the entire
           contents that is saved for later
        */
        char *newptr;

        /* note that tempsize is still the size as before the callback was
           used, and thus the whole piece of data to keep */
        newptr = realloc(data->state.tempwrite, tempsize);

        if(!newptr) {
          free(data->state.tempwrite); /* free old area */
          data->state.tempwrite = NULL;
          result = CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
          /* tempwrite will be freed further down */
          break;
        }
        data->state.tempwrite = newptr; /* store new pointer */
        memcpy(newptr, tempwrite, tempsize);
        data->state.tempwritesize = tempsize; /* store new size */
        /* tempwrite will be freed further down */
        break; /* go back to pausing until further notice */
      }
      else {
        tempsize -= chunklen;  /* left after the call above */
        tempwrite += chunklen; /* advance the pointer */
      }

    } while((result == CURLE_OK) && tempsize);

    free(freewrite); /* this is unconditionally no longer used */
  }

  /* if there's no error and we're not pausing both directions, we want
     to have this handle checked soon */
  if(!result &&
     ((newstate&(KEEP_RECV_PAUSE|KEEP_SEND_PAUSE)) !=
      (KEEP_RECV_PAUSE|KEEP_SEND_PAUSE)) )
    Curl_expire(data, 1); /* get this handle going again */

  return result;
}


static CURLcode easy_connection(struct SessionHandle *data,
                                curl_socket_t *sfd,
                                struct connectdata **connp)
{
  if(data == NULL)
    return CURLE_BAD_FUNCTION_ARGUMENT;

  /* only allow these to be called on handles with CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY */
  if(!data->set.connect_only) {
    failf(data, "CONNECT_ONLY is required!");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
  }

  *sfd = Curl_getconnectinfo(data, connp);

  if(*sfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
    failf(data, "Failed to get recent socket");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
  }

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/*
 * Receives data from the connected socket. Use after successful
 * curl_easy_perform() with CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY option.
 * Returns CURLE_OK on success, error code on error.
 */
CURLcode curl_easy_recv(CURL *curl, void *buffer, size_t buflen, size_t *n)
{
  curl_socket_t sfd;
  CURLcode ret;
  ssize_t n1;
  struct connectdata *c;
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;

  ret = easy_connection(data, &sfd, &c);
  if(ret)
    return ret;

  *n = 0;
  ret = Curl_read(c, sfd, buffer, buflen, &n1);

  if(ret != CURLE_OK)
    return ret;

  *n = (size_t)n1;

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/*
 * Sends data over the connected socket. Use after successful
 * curl_easy_perform() with CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY option.
 */
CURLcode curl_easy_send(CURL *curl, const void *buffer, size_t buflen,
                        size_t *n)
{
  curl_socket_t sfd;
  CURLcode ret;
  ssize_t n1;
  struct connectdata *c = NULL;
  struct SessionHandle *data = (struct SessionHandle *)curl;

  ret = easy_connection(data, &sfd, &c);
  if(ret)
    return ret;

  *n = 0;
  ret = Curl_write(c, sfd, buffer, buflen, &n1);

  if(n1 == -1)
    return CURLE_SEND_ERROR;

  /* detect EAGAIN */
  if((CURLE_OK == ret) && (0 == n1))
    return CURLE_AGAIN;

  *n = (size_t)n1;

  return ret;
}